A simple procedure for yield component analysis

Summary This paper introduces a simple method of analysing yield components. It allows quantification of the contribution of each component to the variability of final yield. The method is based on log-transforms of measurements of the component traits. Applications in heterosis breeding and stability analysis are discussed. The method is compared to other procedures of yield component analysis.     

黑河流域ASTER与MODIS融合生成高分辨率地表温度的验证

融合多源遥感数据生成高时空分辨率数据具有重要的应用价值。为了解决高空间分辨率数据重访周期长及云雨天气带来的数据短缺问题,该文基于增强自适应的遥感图像时空融合方法(enhanced spatial and temporal adaptive reflectance fusion model,ESTARFM),使用多时相MODIS数据提供地物时间变化信息,结合ASTER影像提供的空间细节信息,选择多波段数据(可见光近红外数据和地表温度数据)共同作为输入变量融合生成高时空地表温度。融合结果分别与地表红外辐射计观测温度和ASTER温度产品进行了验证。验证结果表明:基于ESTARFM方法降尺度地表温度影像清晰,融合结果与地表红外辐射计观测温度呈显著的线性正相关关系,相关系数均高于为0.71,预测得到的地表温度与真实测得的数据的平均绝对偏差均低于2.00 K,均方根误差均低于2.60 K。与ASTER地表温度产品的验证中,整体验证结果的R2均在0.95以上。此外,ESTARFM方法在各个地类中的融合效果较好,均表现出非植被区域的相关性高于植被和水体,尤其在2012年8月27日非植被的R2达到0.91。     

基于离散小波分解与重构的多源土壤含水量数据融合方法与评估

为提高土壤含水量格点数据的区域适用性、准确性，该研究提出了基于离散小波多尺度分解与重构的多源土壤含水量数据融合方法，利用2016-2018年6-9月ESA-CCI、SMAP、ERA5-Land数据集以及地面站点观测的土壤含水量数据，在以黄河流域为主体的主要农业气候区开展了融合方法可行性和适用性研究。结果表明，融合方法能有效捕获融合数据源的多尺度特征信息，通过多源多尺度逐层特征信息权重融合与重构，能有效改进单一数据源在不同农业气候区域的适用性、时空结构和波动特征的准确性。融合结果总体评估的均方根误差、偏差(Bias)和相关系数(r)分别为0.053 m³/m³、0.001 m³/m³和0.721，时空分解评估的综合表现均优于单一融合数据源的评估指标，多尺度时空波动频谱结构特征与观测时空序列更吻合，特别在25 d时间尺度以内时空波动吻合度改进最为明显。该研究获得了较理想的区域土壤含水量改进预期，可为区域生态环境监测、农业可持续发展、水土保持、防灾减灾等科学研究和业务应用提供可行有效的方法参考。     

基于MODIS温度/植被指数的东北地区土地覆盖分类

该文采用MODIS NDVI时序数据对东北区土地覆盖分类进行研究，以验证MODIS区域土地覆盖制图的可靠性。通过试验发现经过Savizky-Golay滤波处理能有效去除云、缺失数据及异常值的影响，使得NDVI时序曲线能更好的反映植被季相变化特征，分类结果表明NDVI时序数列能较好的区分植被与非植被、草本(一年生)与木本(多年生)覆盖类型。但研究区内一年一熟的农作物与高盖度草地、落叶针叶林与落叶阔叶林具有相似的物候特征，混分现象比较严重。该研究通过添加地表温度(land surface temperature, LST)数据解决这一问题，利用所得温度/植被指数TVI对研究区进行土地覆盖分类。所得结果用363个野外调查样区进行验证，NDVI及TVI时序数据的分类精度分别为62.26％与71.63％。结果表明TVI比NDVI对土地覆盖类型中的植被类型识别更有效。     

Mechanism and implementation of directional quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization in OC-SVM

This paper uses the training of OC-SVM to analyze the mechanism of the Quantum-behaved particle swarm and develops a method of training OC-SVM based on the directional- QDPSO .The new position of the directional particle is calculated based on the current global best point(gBest), which identified the optimized direction conforms to Zoutendijk fastest decline method principle.In the initialization, the position of one particle is initialized according to SMO, which makes its position nearer to the global optimum solution. The boundary points of subjected plane are concerned as the initialized position of other particles, so as to make the searching area wider.The experiment result shows that the convergence and the generalization of D-QDPSO is good, the misrecognition of D-QDPSO is 0.12% lower than that of SMO, and the operating speed is 2 times faster than that of LPSO.     

Enhancing the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) approach for estimating landscape ET: Validation with the METRIC model

Evapotranspiration (ET) can be derived from satellite data using surface energy balance principles. METRIC (Mapping EvapoTranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration) is one of the most widely used models available in the literature to estimate ET from satellite imagery. The Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model is much easier and less expensive to implement. The main purpose of this research was to present an enhanced version of the Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) model and to evaluate its performance using the established METRIC model. In this study, SSEB and METRIC ET fractions were compared using 7 Landsat images acquired for south central Idaho during the 2003 growing season. The enhanced SSEB model compared well with the METRIC model output exhibiting an r² improvement from 0.83 to 0.90 in less complex topography (elevation less than 2000 m) and with an improvement of r² from 0.27 to 0.38 in more complex (mountain) areas with elevation greater than 2000 m. Independent evaluation showed that both models exhibited higher variation in complex topographic regions, although more with SSEB than with METRIC. The higher ET fraction variation in the complex mountainous regions highlighted the difficulty of capturing the radiation and heat transfer physics on steep slopes having variable aspect with the simple index model, and the need to conduct more research. However, the temporal consistency of the results suggests that the SSEB model can be used on a wide range of elevation (more successfully up 2000 m) to detect anomalies in space and time for water resources management and monitoring such as for drought early warning systems in data scarce regions. SSEB has a potential for operational agro-hydrologic applications to estimate ET with inputs of surface temperature, NDVI, DEM and reference ET.     

卵圆蝽空间分布型及其应用

对卵圆蝽越冬若虫的空间分布型研究表明:越冬若虫在不同虫口密度下均呈聚集分布,分布的基本成分是个体群;聚集原因除与环境因素有关外,亦与若虫的聚集行为有关,平均每株2～3头若虫是卵圆蝽若虫聚集机制发生变化的临界值;将样本资料用Iwao的代换公式进行代换,能取得比较满意的效果。此外,根据Iwao的方法,给出了卵圆蝽越冬若虫的序贯抽样表和在不同密度下的最适抽样数。     

梅园朝鲜球坚蚧的分布格局及时序动态

应用5种聚集度指标和Iwao法、Taylor幂法则,分别考查了2003年3—9月份朝鲜球坚蚧(Didesmococcus koreanus Broch)在梅树上的分布型及其变化动态。结果显示:该蚧在梅树不同方位和冠层的枝条上以及所有密度下均呈聚集分布,分布基本成分为个体群,且个体间相互吸引。该虫以上层和南向树冠的聚集度最高,下层和北向树冠的聚集度最低,这种差异与该蚧的生物学特性和环境的异质性有关。不论蚧体在上、中或下层树冠,都明显呈现出前期高聚块,4月下旬后由于黑缘红瓢虫天敌的捕食作用使其聚集强度呈逐渐降低的趋势。在空间分布格局研究的基础上,提出了理论抽样数公式,给出了不同密度和误差要求条件下的最适抽样数及一定防治指标下的序贯抽样模型。     

桃小食心虫卵的空间分布型与序贯抽样

桃小食心虫卵的田间分布以聚集分布为主，而且具有密度依赖性，分布的基本成份是个体群。其Ｉｗａｏ回归式为ｍ－＝０．２６２７＋１．１３１５ｍ，Ｔａｙｌｏｒ回归式为ｌｏｇｓ２＝０．１９０２＋１．１１０１１ｏｇｍ。在分布型的基础上详细叙述了桃小食心虫卵的田间序贯抽样技术，并给出了田间抽样的最大最小抽样数量。